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10-digit dialing : ウィキペディア英語版
Ten-digit dialing

In the United States and Canada, 10-digit dialing is a popular term used to refer to the practice of including the area code of a phone number when dialing. Sometimes (see below), an initial "1" is used; such dialing is known as ''11-digit dialing'' or ''national format''.
=="Standard" dialing==
Traditionally, after the advent of area codes, the phone system allowed 7-digit dialing. Callers dial only the local portion of the phone number they wanted to reach, with the called number typically assumed to be in the same area code as that of the caller. For example, a person whose full national phone number was 212-555-7890 was able to call a number located at 212-555-3456 by simply dialing 555-3456.
In this case, it is only necessary to dial the area code for a domestic call when the area code of the called number was different from that of the calling number. Some communities on an area code boundary, such as Ottawa-Hull (613/819) or Washington, D.C. (202) implemented exchange code protection schemes to ensure the same seven-digit local number was not assigned in two different area codes in the same city; this allowed the entire community to remain a seven-digit local call. Code protection is not possible for calls across area code boundaries within split plan cities where area codes have been added due to a shortage of available local numbers; these local calls became ten digits when the code was split.
The phone system often required (and now always requires) the caller dial "1" as a trunk prefix before the area code and number, to indicate to the phone system that the call will require a connection to another area. "1" is also the country code for the North American Numbering Plan including United States and Canada, and therefore must likewise be dialed before the area code for international calls made to these countries.
Typically such calls were long distance calls. It used to be that a call to a different area code was a long-distance call, with rare exceptions where a city falls on an area code boundary, but the significant growth in the number of area codes – and the shrinking of the areas they occupy – since that time has invalidated this assumption.
In Canada and some regions of the United States, placing a landline call with "1" before an area code where the outgoing call is in the same service area results in an automated recording indicating that the call being made is local. The "1" toll prefix is not necessary, even if the area codes are different. This is common in areas where overlays are being used. Landline providers have warned that dialing "1" when it is unnecessary could result in long distance charges being made even when they otherwise would not have been charged.
Cellular telephones have always accepted NPA-NXX-XXXX as an ten-digit call, even where a call is seven digit local, as dialing while at the edge of the local coverage area would otherwise be unpredictable as the handset is handed off between local and long-distance towers.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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